Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that primarily affects behavioral inhibition, attention, resistance to distraction, and self-regulation. One of the major challenges of ADHD is the very high comorbidity rates of anxiety, depression, and externalizing problem behavior. Children with ADHD have difficulty stopping and thinking before acting. They often are described as being excessively fidgety, restless, and "on the go." When engaging in activities, they may show poor sustained attention or persistence. This is most obvious when children are assigned tedious, protracted, or repetitive activities. Although these are the most common areas of difficulties, research also indicates that at times it may also impact other areas of psychological functioning, including regulation of emotions. Children with ADHD oftentimes have more difficulty managing their emotional reactions to situations. They are more likely to publicly show their emotions and consequently are often perceived as less emotionally mature and more reactive.